Patient A has been diagnosed with alcohol dependence or alcoholism. Alcoholism may be treated as a substance dependence disorder characterized by behavior patterns resulting from uncontrolled use of alcohol and continued, or even increased, use, often despite awareness that the substance is disrupting one's life.

a.

lack of problem-solving skills and inability to think through consequences of drinking

b.

early sibling rivalry

c.

low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in A's brain

d.

lack of goals in daily life

Answer: A cognitive approach views a lack in problem-solving skills and an inability to think through consequences of drinking as a potential cause of alcoholism.

a.

A's early oral experiences and how they relate to current oral behaviors

b.

A's relationship with her or his parents and if they are responsible for A's alcoholism

c.

A's thoughts and thoughts processes that lead to drinking behaviors

d.

the part of A's brain that is responsible for drinking and swallowing

Answer: A cognitive approach might examine A's thoughts and thoughts processes that lead to drinking behaviors.

a.

change A's negative self-statements into constructive coping mechanisms

b.

therapy in which A talks freely about whatever comes to mind

c.

replace A's drinking behaviors with a new, but less destructive, addiction

d.

hide A's car keys for duration of the treatment

Answer: A cognitive treatment approach might include changing A's negative self-statements into constructive coping mechanisms.