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• | Body doubles in height and quadruples in weight |
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• | Neurons grow in increasingly dense connections, becoming coated with layers of myelin, and enabling faster and more efficient message transmission |
• | Experiences help to fine tune the brain's responses to stimulation |
• | Motor skills progress from simple reflexes to coordinated motor abilities, such as grasping and walking |
• | Sensory and perceptual abilities develop rapidly |
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• | Basic structure of language learned through baby talk with adults |
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• | First communication emerges through crying, then cooing and babbling |
• | Language skills progress from speaking a few words by age 1, to constructing sentences by age 2 |
• | Awareness of world progresses through immediate sensorimotor experiences to mental representations of events |
• | Thinking includes concept of object permanence: objects still exist when out of sight or awareness |
• | Ability to grasp conceptual categories begins; by age 2 numerous definite concepts develop |
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• | Emotional responses change from basic reactions to more complex, self-conscious responses |
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• | Independent behaviors increase with parental encouragement around feeding, dressing, and toilet training |
• | Parents and infants respond to each other by synchronizing their behavior |
• | Development of secure attachment sets stage for child's increasingly independent exploration |
• | Ability to relate to playmates emerges by end of period |
• | Early personality traits, such as introversion and extroversion, develop |
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