In Valerie Kostandos's first-grade classroom, students are readers, writers, and leaders who manage their daily routines. Whether taking attendance or lunch count, or helping another student reflect on a book, Ms. Kostandos's students are encouraged to become independent learners. Ms. Kostandos's varied instruction -- at the whole-group, small-group, and individual level -- supports both academic and social development. Throughout the day, Ms. Kostandos helps students think clearly about the purpose for each activity.

Ms. Kostandos's literacy lessons demonstrate the following: Literacy Teaching Practices •  Shared Reading •  Guided Reading Confidence in students' ability to assume responsibility and monitor their learning Routines and management practices that help students develop leadership skills A collaborative learning environment Explicit and purposeful teaching and learning Ongoing assessment to guide instruction Student self-assessment and metacognitive awareness

"I think it is important that all kids get in that role of being the leaders. If we give them a challenge, they rise to it. They feel so empowered... and that carries over when they write and when they read. They have the sense that they can do it.... What is hard is trying to stay back and not jump in."
Valerie Kostandos

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