Issues That Affect Whales
What if. . .
- What if a Navy project has the potential to deafen every marine mammal? It does! Low Frequency Active (LFA) Sonar is an experimental sonar system that the Navy designed to detect enemy submarines in the deep ocean. LFA sonar finds submarines by bombarding them with low-frequency sound waves. The problem is this: Many marine mammals and other sea life are dependent on their sensitive hearing to communicate with their mates and young, find food, and follow migration routes. The ear-splitting sound from LFA can travel more than 300 miles at levels known to disturb whales. At close range, this noise can destroy a whale's eardrums. It can cause lung bleeding and even death. At greater distances it can disrupt mating, feeding, and other essential activities — perhaps communication or proper direction for migration. Update on the legal battles between the Navy and Environmental Groups >> What would you like leaders to consider as they think about two important issues: national security and protection of marine mammals?
- What
if pollution in the ocean and air is contaminating marine mammals? It
is! Although most of us do not associate contaminants with the
Alaskan environment,
recent work has indicated that contaminants
called PCBs and DDTs are present in Alaskan food chains. The transient
orcas
("killer whales") around
Kodiak, Alaska, for example, have some of the highest contaminants
of any marine mammal sampled in the world. Contaminants from World
War
2 dump sites and U.S-banned pesticides are raining down on
us from Asia. The contaminants "load" in the bodies
of these top predators. Will
gray whales be affected along with killer whales? Find out
more:
- What if cruise ships were exempt from the Clean Water Act? They are! These huge vessels discharge about 50,000 gallons of raw sewage a day per ship — and it goes straight into the ocean. How does raw sewage affect not only marine creatures like gray whales, but also the beaches where people vacation? Learn more, and see what some people are doing:
- What if natural gas industries and tourism want to build in or near the birthing and calving grounds or migration route of the gray whales? On Feb. 1, 2003 Baja California residents voiced fears about proposals to build liquefied natural gas terminals on Baja California's Costa Azul. Their fears included fireballs, tanker collisions with whales, and the destruction of a unique cactus species. What problems would be caused by increased tourism and everything needed to attract, entertain, and house tourists?
- What if gray whales were hunted and killed again? (This caused them to become endangered.) In some places, they are! In 2002 the International Whaling Commission (IWC) approved a quota of 620 gray whales for an aboriginal subsistence harvest for the years 2003 through 2007. The basis for the quota was a joint request by the Russian Federation (for a total of 600 whales) and the United States (for a total of 20 whales). The US request was based on the subsistence and ceremonial needs of the Makah Indian Tribe. Where do things stand now? A Web search can help you find out the latest news on whale hunting of various whale species.
- What if people who own large ships gave money to help study issues that affect marine mammals? Some are! The Ocean Fund of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. awarded $480,750 in seven new grants to marine conservation organizations in January 2003. The money goes to various organizations working to protect the ocean environment. The grants will support marine science education and projects related to research in coral disease, deaths of whales and dolphins from fishing-net entanglement, and protection of sea turtles. What could you do to encourage more money for such research?
Try
This! Tackling Tough Issues
Where do you stand on an issue? How do you
come to make your stand and form
an opinion on any particular topic of controversy? This activity provides
opportunities for paraphrasing, making inferences, and building opinions
using a cognitive organizer called a PMI. Use it for a guide to take
you through a process for making an educated stand on any issue/debate
of current interest and study:
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