Biological

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Boys' growth spurt peaks, and growth is mostly complete by end of this period

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Boys develop deeper voices and patterns of facial hair, and typically grow taller than their female peers

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Girls tend to grow wider in the hips, and breast development continues for several years

• 

Girls' motor performance peaks, while boys' continues to improve

Cognitive

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Reasoning through problems in symbolic terms and through use of formal logic improves

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Fluid intelligence, the ability to cope with new problems and situations, is reached by the end of this period

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Ability to understand and integrate rules into sense of self becomes basis for character development

Psychosocial

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Development of identity continues in relation to adult world

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First dating begins process of developing and maintaining intimate relationships

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Cliques decline in importance

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Identity achievement greatly influenced by personal factors, including family and peer relationships with family and peers, and economic and political circumstances

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Increased assertiveness and lack of self-discipline often create conflicts with parents

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Sexual orientation continues to develop

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Introduction begins to the world of work and career planning