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• | Puberty begins with rising hormone levels |
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• | Girls' growth spurt begins with gains in height, weight, and musculature |
• | Gender specific physical changes appear within first year: enlargement of breasts in girls and testes in boys |
• | In physical maturation, boys lag, on average, 2 years behind girls |
• | Variations in onset of puberty impact personality development |
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• | Logical thought progresses to abstract thinking |
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• | Planning skills and memory strategies improve |
• | Long-term knowledge base grows |
• | Language skills expand to include synonyms, categories, double meanings, metaphors, humor, and complex grammatical structure |
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• | Changes in physique, sexuality, cognitive functioning, and society's treatment may challenge sense of self |
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• | Appreciation of connection between moral rules and social conventions strengthens |
• | Peer groups often divide into cliques |
• | Awareness of gender stereotypes continues to increase |
• | Issues increase around autonomy, sibling rivalry, and separation from family |
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