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al-Idrisi Twelfth-century Muslim geographer who described the kingdom of Ghana.
Anasazi Navajo word for "ancient ones": Native American group in Southwest prominent around 1200 BCE.
Chang'an Chinese capital city during the Han and Tang dynasties.
codex Mesoamerican book that recorded information about astrology, religion, ritual, history, and law; very few pre-Hispanic codices survived the Spanish book burnings.
futuwwa Goals of Muslim youth to serve the community with good deeds and humility.
Khotan Place along the Silk Road in Central Asia; also the name of the local people and culture.
Mali Second great empire in western Sudan, 1240 - 1500 CE.
Manichaeism Religion based on the teachings of the Persian Mani, who envisioned the duality of good and evil, circa 216 - 276 CE.
Nestorian Christianity Eastern form of Christianity that spread to China in the seventh century.
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