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Ataturk Leader and first president of the Republic of Turkey who instituted secular reforms, 1881 - 1938.
bolshevism Style of Marxist political action begun by V.I. Lenin, who led the second Russian Revolution in 1917.
Chechens People in Central Asia who are mostly Muslim and fought for independence from Russia after the breakup of the USSR.
diaspora The dispersal of peoples; translated from Greek as "scattering of seeds".
Raj Period of British rule of the Indian subcontinent, 1857 - 1947.
satyagraha Political philosophy of Gandhi that stressed nonviolent resistance.
Sunni The Muslim majority who believe that the community should select its own leadership instead of only looking to direct descendants of the Prophet Muhammad.
Wahhabis Followers of nineteenth-century Muslim religious reformer Ibn al-Wahhab.