Marquês de Pombal Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, eighteenth-century Portuguese chief minister who organized the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Americas.
Massasoit The title of Ousamequin, leader of the Pokanoket and the Wampanoag tribes, who negotiated a treaty with the Pilgrims for their alliance against the Narragansett in 1622.
Mfecane Literally "the crushing" in Zulu; the events in southern Africa following Shaka Zulu's rise to power, which was in part possible because of destabilization caused by European encroachment.
Minas Gerais Brazilian state that experienced a series of mining booms beginning with gold in the late seventeenth century and continuing with iron ore in the nineteenth century.
Sotho Bantu-speaking peoples of southern Africa who fought against European settlement and colonization.
Treaty of Tordesillas Agreement between the monarchs of Spain and Portugal to divide the world between them by drawing a line through the Atlantic Ocean, 1494.
Voortrekkers Dutch descendants who moved away from the Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa when it was under British control.
Wampanoags Native American tribe from New England.
Xhosa Bantu-speaking peoples of southern Africa who fought against European settlement and colonization.
Zulus Bantu-speaking people of southern Africa who fought against European settlement and colonization.
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