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bullionism An economic theory that defines wealth by the amount of precious metals owned.
cliometric The use of econometric techniques to study history.
exceptionalism The belief that a country's history and destiny is unique.
Manchus People from Manchuria, northeast of China, who conquered China in the seventeenth century and ruled as the Qing dynasty from 1644 - 1911.
mercantilism European economic policies of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries that restricted colonial trade to keep control of indigenous monetary systems.
vernacularization Translating texts into the language or dialect used in an area.