11 / The Urban Experience

• • ParthenonIktinos and Kallikrates (architects); Pheidias (fl. c. 490–430 BC) (sculptor)	Bartolomeo ColleoniAndrea del Verrocchio (Italian, 1435–1488)	The Working Class (detail)José Clemente Orozco (Mexican, 1883–1949)	Chrysler BuildingWilliam van Alen (American, 1882/3–1954)	The City RisesUmberto Boccioni (Italian, 1882–1916)	View of DelftJohannes Vermeer (Dutch, 1632–1675)
    Night View of Saruwaka-machi (Saruwaka-machi Yoru no Kei) from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo (Meisho Edo hyakkei)Utagawa (Ando) Hiroshige (Japanese, 1797–1858)	Paris Street; Rainy DayGustave Caillebotte (French, 1848–1894)	Great MosqueUnknown artist(s), Niger Inland Delta, Mopti Region, Mali	Ruins of the White Temple and ZigguratUnknown artist(s). Uruk, Mesopotamia	Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace)Unknown artist(s), Rome	St. Peter’s Basilica and St. Peter’s SquareMichelangelo Buonarroti (Italian, 1475–1564), Carlo Moderno (Italian, 1556–1629), Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Italian, 1598–1680), et al.
    Tribute to Jackie RobinsonDavid McShane (American, b. ca. 1970)	I Hear you BroDarius Jones (Leon Reid IV) (American, b. 1979) in collaboration with Brad Downey (American, b. 1980)	La grande vitesseAlexander Calder (American, 1898–1976)	Benjamin Franklin ParkwayPaul Philippe Cret (French, 1876–1945) and Jacques Greber (French, 1882–1962) (designers)	The Gates, Project for Central Park, New YorkChristo (American, Bulgarian-born, b. 1935) and Jeanne-Claude (American, French-born, 1935-2009)	The New York City WaterfallsOlafur Eliasson (Danish, b. 1967)

expert perspective

Stephen J. Campbell Professor of the History of Art, Johns Hopkins University

“

In 1527, we have quarrels with the pope getting mixed up in the sort of theater of European politics, disputes between the emperor and the king of France. The pope backing one side, now the other. Finally, the emperor sends his troops against the city of Rome and the unimaginable happens. The summer of 1527, imperial forces take Rome and massacre a large part of its population, destroy large numbers of its churches, and desecrate its relics. The pope is submitted to all manner of indignities, but finally makes his peace with the emperor. And this is Pope Clement VII. Under his successors, especially Paul III, a great era of reconstruction begins in Rome. Paul III has got Michelangelo at his disposal. Michelangelo ends up rebuilding St. Peter’s pretty much, if you look at it from the east end, in the form we see it in today. And this is a project which Nicholas V had thought about in the middle of the fifteenth century. It’s finally finished in the 1600s. Michelangelo spends the remaining decades of his career as an artist—he dies in 1564—working on St. Peter’s.”