11 / The Urban Experience

• • ParthenonIktinos and Kallikrates (architects); Pheidias (fl. c. 490–430 BC) (sculptor)	Bartolomeo ColleoniAndrea del Verrocchio (Italian, 1435–1488)	The Working Class (detail)José Clemente Orozco (Mexican, 1883–1949)	Chrysler BuildingWilliam van Alen (American, 1882/3–1954)	The City RisesUmberto Boccioni (Italian, 1882–1916)	View of DelftJohannes Vermeer (Dutch, 1632–1675)
    Night View of Saruwaka-machi (Saruwaka-machi Yoru no Kei) from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo (Meisho Edo hyakkei)Utagawa (Ando) Hiroshige (Japanese, 1797–1858)	Paris Street; Rainy DayGustave Caillebotte (French, 1848–1894)	Great MosqueUnknown artist(s), Niger Inland Delta, Mopti Region, Mali	Ruins of the White Temple and ZigguratUnknown artist(s). Uruk, Mesopotamia	Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace)Unknown artist(s), Rome	St. Peter’s Basilica and St. Peter’s SquareMichelangelo Buonarroti (Italian, 1475–1564), Carlo Moderno (Italian, 1556–1629), Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Italian, 1598–1680), et al.
    Tribute to Jackie RobinsonDavid McShane (American, b. ca. 1970)	I Hear you BroDarius Jones (Leon Reid IV) (American, b. 1979) in collaboration with Brad Downey (American, b. 1980)	La grande vitesseAlexander Calder (American, 1898–1976)	Benjamin Franklin ParkwayPaul Philippe Cret (French, 1876–1945) and Jacques Greber (French, 1882–1962) (designers)	The Gates, Project for Central Park, New YorkChristo (American, Bulgarian-born, b. 1935) and Jeanne-Claude (American, French-born, 1935-2009)	The New York City WaterfallsOlafur Eliasson (Danish, b. 1967)

expert perspective

John Beardsley Director, Garden & Landscape Studies, Dumbarton Oaks

“

Sculpture has always played an important role in public space. But the character of public sculpture has changed a lot in the last century. If you look back at public sculptures they tended to be figurative, they tended to represent shared ideals, or shared social goals, or they tended to be commemorative of great events or great people. And sculpture now is much more detached from commemorative functions, it’s given up figurative subject matter. Public sculpture now has a much more abstract character.”