Back to Unit Page Unit Textbook Chapter Animations & Images Expert Interview Transcripts Unit Glossary Related Resources View Text Only List Animations Hominoid Family Tree Family tree of hominoids, including the apes and man. View Animation Still Human Fossil Bush The èHominid Family Bushî made up of modern humans, their ancestors, and their now-extinct relatives. View Animation Still Human Migration Hypotheses Most scientists agree that an early hominid species evolved in Africa and spread across the Old World. After that, there is still some debate between the èMultiregionalî hypothesis and the èOut of Africa,î or èReplacementî hypothesis as to how modern humans came to evolve and populate the globe. View Quicktime Movie Mitochondrial DNA A 3-D animation of the way that a zygote receives nuclear, or genomic, DNA from both parents (sperm and egg cells) but inherits mitochondrial DNA only from the mother. View Quicktime Movie Mitochondrial Eve This shows how one female ancestor passed on her mitochondrial DNA to everyone living today. This woman, called "Mitochondrial Eve," probably lived only 200,000Œ300,000 years ago. View Quicktime Movie Regulatory Hypothesis This animation illustrates the experiments that Ajit Varki, Wolf Enard, and Svente Paabo carried out to compare the gene expression between chimpanzees, humans, and an outgroup, the Rhesus monkey. While gene expression was similar between humans and chimps in the liver and blood, they showed very different patterns of gene expression in the brain. View Quicktime Movie Images Apemen An early sketch of the evolution of man from the zoological point of view Ascent of man An early view of the evolution of man from its ancestors Chimpanzee The chimpanzee, humansç closest living relative DeCode asthma pedigree figure Pedigree of one family and its history of asthma through the generations Diagram of human and chimp chromosome A diagram of human and chimp chromosome similarity Genealogical tree of Icelandic family A genealogical tree of an Icelandic family Gorilla The gorilla, another living relative to humans Hominid skull Hominoid tree A tree showing the evolution of the hominoids, including the great apes and humans. Homo habilis skull specimen Human and chimp allele clustering For nearly all genes, human alleles cluster together and chimp alleles cluster together (left). In the case of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), human alleles are often more closely related to chimp alleles and vice-versa. This occurs due to balancing selection maintaining variation at the MHC (right). Human and Neanderthal skeletons An adult human and Neanderthal skeleton side by side Human fossil "bush" The human "bush," as postulated from fossil finds of hominid species. Human skull specimen Hypotheses of human migration Left: The "Out of Africa", or "Replacement," hypothesis suggests all living humans evolved from a group that originated in Africa. Right: The èMultiregionalî hypothesis suggests several groups evolved in parallel to form todayçs population of humans. Iceland family genealogy text Icelandic people have kept careful records of their family histories for hundreds of years, aiding efforts to track disease patterns in their genes. Icelandic family photo Icelandic family photograph Krings figure Figure from Cell paper on the study of Neanderthal DNA Mitochondria Photomicrograph of mitochondria inside a cell Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny A phylogeny of mitochondrial DNA sequences from modern humans around the globe "Mitochondrial Eve" The diagram illustrates how one line of mitochondrial DNA came to be carried by all living humans, passed down to us through the èMitochondrial Eve.î Neanderthal group Neanderthal painting An artist's rendering of a Neanderthal community Neanderthal painting An artist's rendering of a Neanderthal man Neanderthal skeleton upright Neanderthal skull Skull of a Neanderthal whose DNA was used to determine that Neanderthals were not our ancestors. Old Icelandic family photo Photo of an Icelandic family Pithecanthropus painting An artist's rendering of Pithecanthropus man Pithecanthropus painting Hominid scene with tiger Skull Homo erectus Vikings arrive in Iceland A painting depicting the arrival of the Vikings to Iceland

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