Print Resources

Allington, R. L. What Really Matters for Struggling Readers. New York: Longman, 2001.

Beck, I. L., M. G. McKeown, and L. Kucan. Bringing Words to Life: Robust Vocabulary Instruction. New York: Guilford Press, 2002.

Blachowicz, C. L. Z., and P. J. Fisher. "Best Practices in Vocabulary Instruction: What Effective Teachers Do." In Best Practices in Literacy Instruction, edited by L. M. Morrow, L. B. Gambrell, and M. Pressley, 87-110. New York: Guilford Press, 2003.

Bloodgood, J. W., and L. C. Pacifici. "Bringing Word Study to Intermediate Classrooms." The Reading Teacher 58, no. 3 (Nov. 2004): 250-263.

Hudson, R. F., H. B. Lane, and P. C. Pullen. "Reading Fluency Assessment and Instruction: What, Why, and How?" The Reading Teacher 58, no. 8 (May 2005): 702-714.

Kuhn, M. "Helping Students Become Accurate, Expressive Readers: Fluency Instruction for Small Groups." The Reading Teacher 58, no. 4 (Dec. 2004/Jan. 2005): 338-344.

Scott, J. A. "Scaffolding Vocabulary Learning." In Teaching All the Children, edited by D. Lapp, C. C. Block, E. J. Cooper, J. Flood, N. Roser, and J. V. Tinajero, 275-293. New York: Guilford Press, 2004.

Worthy, J. and K. Broaddus. "Fluency Beyond the Primary Grades: From Group Performance to Silent, Independent Reading." The Reading Teacher 55, no. 4 (Dec. 2002): 334-343.

Web Resources

Readers' Theater
This site provides ideas and scripts for readers' theater to practice and to help students develop reading fluency.

Literacy Connections
This site provides a comprehensive list of research-based strategies and teacher resources for word identification and decoding instruction.

Scholastic Instructor
The Scholastic site provides instructional resources that promote reading fluency.